Government officials say that the losses caused by political instability and Maoist violence last year add up to about Rs 40 billion. This includes all the damaged or destroyed infrastructures, and the slowdown in industrial production, trade and tourism. That is about 10 percent of the GDP and means about 200,000 lost jobs. The direct loss resulting from damaged infrastructure is about Rs 16 billion. Another Rs 20 billion was attributed to lost business, according to Dr Shanker Sharma, member of the National Planning Commission. "Other" losses cost the economy Rs 4 billion.