For thousands of Nepalis whose children, siblings, parents, and friends died in extra-judicial killings by the security forces, who were executed by the Maoists, and abducted or tortured by either side, the draft interim constitution has come as a bitter reminder of their helplessness. Human rights groups in Kathmandu say that under the terms of the new dispensation, perpetrators of such crimes will essentially walk away with total amnesty.

There are literally thousands of cases related to extrajudicial killings, torture, and summary executions recorded by OHCHR, NHRC, and rights NGOs. There are names of violators, locations and dates, witnesses, comprehensive investigative reports, but not a single case has gone to trial. Families of victims and human rights activists, who were optimistic after the signing of the peace deal, are now seeing their right to justice being erased from the very constitution.

"We spent all these years analysing individual cases, gathering evidence, preparing arguments. Now it looks as if it will all have been in vain," says Mandira Sharma, a lawyer with Advocacy Forum, which lobbies against impunity.

Advocacy Forum alone has documented over 800 cases of extrajudicial executions over the past five years but say that the police are hesitant to register cases, fearing backlash from their own departments, the army, and the Maoists.

In the 11 months from July 2005 ro June 2006, the Forum documented 86 cases of extra-judicial killings by the security forces and 81 cases of cruel and inhuman torture and killing by the Maoists. Also on record are cases of rape by the security forces and Kapilbastu's anti-Maoist vigilantes. Advocacy Forum says that young girls and elderly women were specific targets of securitymen.

Lobbying by Sharma and other Forum lawyers has worked to the extent that police stations in the capital and in a few districts have agreed to register a total of 30 cases. Where the police lacks the resources and independence to conduct investigations, bodies like OHCHR don\'t always insist on full access to the records they need to complete investigations, as became evident in the case of Maina Sunuwar.

The Maoists and party leaders both lack the political will to deal with holding the rebel army and the state security apparatus accountable-neither Pushpa Kamal Dahal nor Girija Prasad Koirala have so much as mentioned the question of accountability. "They don't realise," says Sharma, "that if you give one known perpetrator amnesty, hundreds of others get away. But if you bring to trial even a single case, you're coming a little closer to justice for thousands."

Some activists argue international pressure, from the UN and foreign diplomatic missions in particular, would make the state and the Maoists more responsive to human rights concerns. "OHCHR is not really fulfilling its mandate," says a rights worker who asked not to be named. "They are nowhere near addressing impunity the way they should, if the UN is to play a real role in the peace process."

An immediate step would be for the UN to ask OHCHR prepare a list of violators from the army, which would then be passed on to the Security Council, and result in their being vetoed for peacekeeping missions. Human rights watchers are hoping that the planned visit of UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Louise Arbour later this month will have concrete repercussions.

Earlier this week, victims' families, rights activists, and lawyers formed Citizens' Commission on Transitional Justice to demand that the draft interim constitution be modified before it is passed to both allow for justice in the short- and long-term, and to bar those named in human rights abuse investigation from contesting elections.